Key Social Determinants to Narrow the Gap between Health-adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy in Megacities

ObjectiveImprovement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and life expectancy (LE). The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely reported. This study aimed to disclose this potential relationship.MethodsAnnual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou, China, from 2010 to 2020. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend. Generalized principal component analysis and multilevel models were applied to examine the county-level association between the gap and social determinants.ResultsAlthough LE and HALE in megacities are increasing steadily, their gap is widening. Socio-economic and health services are guaranteed to narrow this gap. Increasing personal wealth, a growing number of newborns and healthy immigrants, high urbanization, and healthy aging have helped in narrowing this gap.ConclusionIn megacities, parallel LE and HALE growth should be highly considered to narrow their gap. Multiple social determinants need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health plans.     

Aneurisma de aorta abdominal infrarrenal en asociación con riñón en herradura: aportación de un caso

We review the association between surgically resolvable aortic disease and horseshoe kidney with a discussion of diagnostic problems and therapeutic options.Male patient 81 years of age with horseshoe kidney and an abdominal aortic aneurysm that was discovered by chance in an abdominal ultrasound during a check-up for his prostate condition.A retroperitoneal approach was used in order to resect the aneurysm and perform an aorto-aortic bypass with no complications occurring. Two years after the diagnosis, the patient is still asymptomatic from a vascular point of view.The co-presence of horseshoe kidney and aortic disease needing surgical correction is infrequent, but it significantly increases the technical complexity of aortic reconstruction. A literature review is included.     

郑州市1996~2005年梅毒流行病学分析

目的寻求郑州市梅毒流行规律和特点,为制订防治政策提供依据。方法对1996~2005年郑州市梅毒病例资料进行分析。结果1996~2005年梅毒的发病率呈上升趋势。以早期梅毒为主,一期梅毒发病数高于二期梅毒;梅毒感染者主要在20~44岁年龄段,占60.05%;工人、农民、待业、商业服务、干部分别占20.44%,18.15%,11.52%,8.54%,6.25%。结论应加强梅毒防治工作力度,规范梅毒诊治,全面实施健康教育、行为干预等综合防治措施。     

A new haplogroup pattern displayed in Fujian Han in China

Human Y-chromosomal binary polymorphisms have been considered to preserve the paternal genetic legacy and provide evidence on human evolution and the genetic relationships among and demographic history of different populations. To reveal the genetic origin and immigration of the Fujian Han, 13 binary markers on the Y chromosome were used to screen Fujian Han by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that the M₉G marker was highly prevalent (96.20%), suggesting a significant genetic drift. In addition, M₁₂₂C frequency was only 22.78%, and M₄₅A and M₁₀₃T were default. The distinctive haplogroup frequencies (H₁, H₅, and H_6/7/8) imply that the haplogroup pattern is a relatively ancestral and interim type. Received: October 13, 2001 / Accepted: December 3, 2001     

Serogroup B meningococcal disease in persons previously vaccinated with a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine – United States, 2014–2019

Since serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccines became available in the United States, six serogroup B meningococcal disease cases have been reported in MenB-4C (n = 4) or MenB-FHbp (n = 2) recipients. Cases were identified and characterized through surveillance and health record review. All five available isolates were characterized using whole genome sequencing; four isolates (from MenB-4C recipients) were further characterized using flow cytometry, MenB-4C-induced serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and genetic Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (gMATS). Three patients were at increased meningococcal disease risk because of an outbreak or underlying medical conditions, and only four of the six patients had completed a full 2-dose MenB series. Isolates were available from 5 patients, and all contained sub-family A FHbp. The four isolates from MenB-4C recipients expressed NhbA but were mismatched for the other MenB-4C vaccine antigens. These four isolates were relatively resistant to MenB-4C-induced SBA, but predicted by gMATS to be covered. Overall, patient risk factors, incomplete vaccine series completion, waning immunity, and strain resistance to SBA likely contributed to disease in these six patients.     

深圳市龙华区托幼及小学儿童水痘发病与疫苗接种现况

  目的  了解水痘疫苗预防接种政策实施后,深圳市龙华区水痘高发人群的疫苗接种及水痘流行现状,为指导当地制定水痘免疫规划措施提供参考。  方法  采用随机分层整群抽样方法,选择深圳市龙华区6个街道30所托幼机构及小学23 706名儿童进行电子问卷调查,对获得的年龄、年级、最近疫苗接种年份、接种剂次、发病情况、发病时疫苗接种情况等基础数据进行分析。  结果  龙华区托幼及小学儿童水痘疫苗总接种率为86.01%,其中1剂次接种率为55.61%,2剂次为30.41%。托幼机构及小学的接种率差异有统计学意义(χ2=154.95,P < 0.05)。各街道未接种率、1剂次接种率、2剂次接种率、总接种率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为146.09,103.93,127.31,146.09,P值均 < 0.05)。年级别罹患率与年级的高低呈正比(χ_趋势2=8.65,P < 0.01),托幼机构与小学的罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=478.69,P < 0.05)。各街道未接种罹患率、1剂次罹患率、总罹患率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为54.49,74.59,151.49,P值均 < 0.05)。随间隔年份增加小学儿童罹患率具有线性趋势(χ_趋势2=24.28,P < 0.05),1剂次水痘疫苗接种后间隔时间越长罹患率越高,2剂次疫苗可保证较长时间的保护效果。疫苗的保护率与年级的高低呈反比,各年级不同剂次疫苗保护率及效果指数之间的相关性有统计学意义(r值分别为0.80,0.63,P值均 < 0.05)。接种1剂次疫苗及2剂次疫苗效果最好的分别为小班、大班。  结论  龙华区政策实施后2剂次疫苗接种率明显提升,但未起到持久效果。建议将水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划,以达到保障易感人群目的。